What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft called?

The cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft. It consists of overlapping, scale-like cells that protect the inner layers of the hair.

Which layer of the hair shaft contains melanin granules that give hair its color?

The cortex contains melanin granules responsible for hair color. It is the middle layer and makes up the majority of the hair shaft's bulk and strength.

What is the innermost layer of the hair shaft called, and is it always present?

The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair shaft. It is not always present and may be absent in fine or light-colored hair.

What is the name of the tiny muscle attached to the hair follicle that causes goosebumps?

The arrector pili is the small involuntary muscle attached to the hair follicle. When it contracts, it causes the hair to stand upright, producing goosebumps.

What structure at the base of the hair follicle supplies nutrients to the hair?

The dermal papilla is located at the base of the hair follicle and contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the hair. Without a healthy papilla, hair cannot grow.

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Trichology & Hair Science – California Cosmetology State Board Exam

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