What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called?

The stratum corneum. It is composed of dead, keratinized cells that form a protective barrier against the environment.

In which layer of the epidermis does cell mitosis (cell division) occur?

The stratum basale, also called the stratum germinativum. This is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced.

What is the name of the protein that makes skin cells hard and gives the epidermis its protective quality?

Keratin. It is a fibrous protein produced by keratinocytes as cells migrate toward the skin's surface.

Which skin layer contains collagen, elastin, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

The dermis. It is the second, deeper layer of skin that provides structural support and nourishment to the epidermis.

What cells in the epidermis are responsible for producing melanin?

Melanocytes. They are located in the stratum basale and determine skin and hair color based on the amount of melanin they produce.

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