What is the name of the tough, protective protein that makes up the natural nail plate?

Keratin. The nail plate is composed of hardened, compacted keratin cells.

What is the name of the living skin at the base of the nail plate that produces new nail cells?

The matrix. It is the only living part of the nail unit responsible for nail growth.

What is the whitish, half-moon shaped area visible at the base of the nail plate called?

The lunula. It is the visible portion of the nail matrix and appears lighter because it reflects light differently.

What is the term for the slightly thickened skin layer that lies beneath the free edge of the nail plate?

Hyponychium. It seals the nail plate to the nail bed and protects against bacterial invasion.

What is the cuticle, and which structure is it technically a part of?

The cuticle is dead tissue attached to the nail plate surface; it is the extension of the eponychium.

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Nail Care & Manicuring – California Cosmetology State Board Exam

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