What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called?

The stratum corneum. It is composed of dead, keratinized cells and serves as the primary barrier between the body and the environment.

In which layer of the epidermis does cell mitosis (cell division) occur?

The stratum basale (also called the stratum germinativum). This is the deepest epidermal layer where new skin cells are produced.

What protein makes up the majority of the epidermis and gives skin its protective properties?

Keratin. It is a fibrous protein produced by keratinocytes that hardens and waterproofs the skin.

Which skin layer contains collagen, elastin, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

The dermis. It is the second and thickest layer of the skin, located beneath the epidermis.

What is the name of the cells in the stratum basale responsible for producing melanin?

Melanocytes. They produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin and hair their color and helps protect against UV radiation.

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