What is the primary physiological effect of applying heat to soft tissue?

Heat causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow and tissue metabolism, which relaxes muscles and decreases tissue viscosity.

What is the primary physiological effect of applying cold (cryotherapy) to soft tissue?

Cold causes vasoconstriction, decreases metabolism, reduces inflammation, and slows nerve conduction velocity, which decreases pain.

What is the 'hunting response' in cryotherapy?

The hunting response is a cyclical alternation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation that occurs after prolonged cold application, as the body attempts to prevent tissue damage.

Which stage of the CBAN sequence indicates that tissue is ready for exercise or massage during cryotherapy?

The fourth stage, Numbness (N), indicates the tissue is sufficiently cooled for activity. CBAN stands for Cold, Burning, Aching, and Numbness.

What is the recommended maximum duration for applying a cold pack to avoid tissue damage?

Cold packs should generally not be applied for more than 15–20 minutes at one time to avoid frostbite or tissue damage.

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