Question 1

What does the term 'alpha hydroxy acid' (AHA) refer to in terms of molecular structure?

Accepted Answer

AHAs are water-soluble acids derived from natural sources that have a hydroxyl group attached to the alpha (first) carbon of the acid molecule, making them effective for surface-level exfoliation.

Question 2

Which AHA is derived from sugarcane and is the most commonly used in professional esthetic treatments?

Accepted Answer

Glycolic acid, derived from sugarcane, is the most commonly used AHA because it has the smallest molecular size, allowing the deepest penetration among AHAs.

Question 3

What natural source is lactic acid derived from?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid is derived from sour milk (lactose). It is gentler than glycolic acid due to its larger molecular size and also acts as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin.

Question 4

What makes beta hydroxy acid (BHA) different from AHAs in terms of solubility and skin function?

Accepted Answer

BHAs are oil-soluble (lipophilic), which allows them to penetrate into the pores and dissolve sebum. This makes them especially effective for oily, acne-prone skin, unlike water-soluble AHAs.

Question 5

What is the most common BHA used in esthetic chemical exfoliation, and what natural source is it derived from?

Accepted Answer

Salicylic acid is the most common BHA, originally derived from willow bark. It is keratolytic, anti-inflammatory, and comedolytic, making it ideal for acne and oily skin types.

Chemical Exfoliation – California Esthetician State Board Exam

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