Question 1

What term did Malcolm Knowles use to describe the art and science of helping adults learn, distinguishing it from pedagogy?

Accepted Answer

Andragogy. Knowles argued that adults are self-directed, bring prior experience, and learn best when content is relevant to their lives and roles.

Question 2

According to Knowles' andragogy model, what is the primary motivator for adult learners?

Accepted Answer

Internal (intrinsic) motivation. Adults are driven by personal growth, career advancement, and relevance to their immediate problems rather than external rewards.

Question 3

What does Bloom's Taxonomy classify, and what are its three domains?

Accepted Answer

Bloom's Taxonomy classifies levels of learning objectives. Its three domains are cognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes/values), and psychomotor (physical skills).

Question 4

In Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle, what are the four stages in order?

Accepted Answer

Concrete Experience → Reflective Observation → Abstract Conceptualization → Active Experimentation. Learners move through experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting.

Question 5

What learning principle states that the most recently learned information is best remembered, complementing the 'primacy' effect?

Accepted Answer

The recency effect. Together, primacy (first information learned) and recency (last information learned) explain why beginnings and endings of training are most retained.

PHR Exam: Learning & Development

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