Question 1

What is the primary function of the stratum basale, and which specialized cells are found there?

Accepted Answer

The stratum basale is the deepest epidermal layer where active cell division (mitosis) occurs to produce new skin cells; it also houses melanocytes, which produce melanin pigment.

Question 2

What is the difference between the papillary layer and the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

The papillary layer is the upper dermis, connecting to the epidermis via dermal papillae and containing capillaries and nerve endings; the reticular layer is the lower dermis containing dense collagen and elastin bundles that provide strength and elasticity.

Question 3

Which Fitzpatrick skin type always burns and never tans, and what SPF is recommended for this type?

Accepted Answer

Fitzpatrick Type I is very fair skin, often with freckles, that always burns and never develops a tan; an SPF of 50 or higher is recommended to protect against UV damage.

Question 4

A client with medium skin tone reports that she sometimes burns but gradually tans with sun exposure. Which Fitzpatrick type is she, and what SPF range is recommended?

Accepted Answer

This client is Fitzpatrick Type III, which describes medium skin that sometimes burns but gradually tans; an SPF of 15 to 30 is the recommended range for this skin type.

Question 5

What distinguishes Grade III acne from Grade II acne, and how does this affect the esthetician's scope of practice?

Accepted Answer

Grade III acne is severe, featuring many papules and pustules with significant inflammation and possible scarring, while Grade II is moderate with comedones and mild inflammation; Grade III requires caution and may need physician coordination.

NIC Esthetics Exam: Skin Analysis & Disorders

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