Question 1

What are the three depth categories of chemical peels, and which skin layer does each target?

Accepted Answer

Superficial peels target the epidermis only; medium-depth peels penetrate into the papillary dermis; deep peels reach the reticular dermis for maximal resurfacing.

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of glycolic acid as a chemical exfoliant?

Accepted Answer

Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that loosens desmosomes bonding corneocytes in the stratum corneum, accelerating cell turnover and allowing dead skin cells to shed more effectively.

Question 3

What makes salicylic acid unique among common peel acids in terms of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

Salicylic acid is self-neutralizing; once it has fully reacted with the skin, the exfoliation action stops on its own without requiring a separate neutralizing agent such as sodium bicarbonate.

Question 4

How does lactic acid differ from glycolic acid in terms of molecular size and client suitability?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid has a larger molecular size than glycolic acid, causing slower, more gradual penetration. This gentler action makes it better suited for sensitive skin and darker Fitzpatrick types IV–VI.

Question 5

What are the three active ingredients in Jessner's solution and their respective roles?

Accepted Answer

Jessner's solution contains resorcinol (keratolytic), lactic acid (AHA exfoliant), and salicylic acid (BHA exfoliant), each dissolved in ethanol. Together they produce a synergistic superficial-to-medium peel effect.

NIC Esthetics Exam — Chemical Exfoliation & Peels

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