Question 1

What is the function of the nail matrix, and where is it located on the finger?

Accepted Answer

The nail matrix is located beneath the proximal nail fold at the base of the nail and is responsible for producing new nail cells, which determines nail thickness and rate of growth.

Question 2

What is the hyponychium, and why must a nail technician avoid disturbing it during a service?

Accepted Answer

The hyponychium is the thickened skin under the free edge of the nail plate that forms a waterproof seal, preventing bacteria, fungi, and debris from reaching the nail bed below.

Question 3

How does the eponychium differ from the cuticle, and what is each structure's role in nail health?

Accepted Answer

The eponychium is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that should never be cut, while the cuticle is the dead tissue on the nail plate itself that can be safely removed during a manicure service.

Question 4

A client presents with a thick, yellow-green discoloration under the nail plate that has lifted away from the nail bed. What condition is this, and what action should the technician take?

Accepted Answer

This presentation indicates onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection. The technician must refuse service and refer the client to a physician, as applying product over a fungal infection can worsen the condition.

Question 5

What is the difference between onycholysis and onychomycosis, and how does each condition affect a technician's service decision?

Accepted Answer

Onycholysis is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed, often due to trauma or product misuse, and the technician must not service; onychomycosis is a fungal infection requiring physician referral before any service.

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