What is the nail matrix and why is it critical to nail health?

The nail matrix is the living tissue beneath the base of the nail where new nail cells are produced. It is critical because any damage to the matrix can permanently affect nail growth or shape.

What is the nail plate?

The nail plate is the visible, hardened portion of the nail made of keratinized cells. It rests on the nail bed and extends from the nail root to the free edge.

What is the free edge of the nail?

The free edge is the portion of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip and is not attached to the nail bed. It is the part that is filed, shaped, and trimmed.

What is the nail root?

The nail root is the portion of the nail plate embedded under the skin at the base of the nail, anchored to the matrix. It is the starting point of nail growth.

What is the eponychium?

The eponychium is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that forms a seal to protect the matrix from bacteria and infection. It should never be cut during a manicure.

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Nail Anatomy – Nail Technician License Exam

Master the essential structures and functions of nail anatomy with these 22 targeted flashcards. Covering everything from the nail matrix to the hyponychium, this deck prepares nail technician students for the anatomy questions most commonly tested on state licensing exams. Perfect for cosmetology and nail tech students seeking a focused, exam-ready study tool.

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