What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft called?

The cuticle. It consists of overlapping scale-like cells that protect the inner layers of the hair.

Which layer of the hair shaft contains melanin granules and gives hair its color?

The cortex. It is the middle layer of the hair shaft and makes up the majority of the hair's bulk and pigment.

What is the term for the innermost layer of the hair shaft, sometimes absent in fine hair?

The medulla. It is a hollow or loosely structured core that runs through the center of the hair shaft.

What type of melanin is responsible for red and blonde hair colors?

Pheomelanin. It produces yellow, red, and blonde tones, as opposed to eumelanin which produces brown and black tones.

What is the chemical bond broken when hair is wet or thermally styled that is responsible for temporary changes in hair shape?

Hydrogen bonds. They are weak side bonds broken by water or heat and reform as hair dries or cools into a new shape.

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Trichology & Anatomy – Illinois Cosmetology State Board Exam

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