What is the primary active ingredient in alkaline (cold wave) permanent solutions?

Ammonium thioglycolate (ATG). It breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair's cortex to allow reshaping.

What is the pH range of alkaline permanent wave solutions?

Alkaline permanent wave solutions have a pH range of 9.0 to 9.6, making them suitable for normal to resistant hair.

What chemical process does the neutralizer perform during a permanent wave service?

The neutralizer rebuilds (re-forms) the disulfide bonds that were broken by the waving solution, locking the hair into its new shape.

What is the active ingredient in acid-balanced permanent wave solutions?

Glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG). It requires heat to process and is used on color-treated or delicate hair.

What is the pH range of acid-balanced permanent wave solutions?

Acid-balanced permanent wave solutions have a pH range of 6.5 to 7.0 and require an outside heat source to process.

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