Question 1

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient with fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)?

Accepted Answer

Restrict fluid and sodium intake, administer prescribed diuretics, and monitor daily weight and intake/output to assess response to treatment.

Question 2

A patient with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) would most likely exhibit which assessment finding?

Accepted Answer

Decreased urine output (oliguria), increased heart rate (tachycardia), and decreased blood pressure with poor skin turgor.

Question 3

Which IV fluid is considered isotonic and is most appropriate for replacing fluid in a hypovolemic patient?

Accepted Answer

0.9% Normal Saline (NS) is isotonic, meaning it has the same osmolarity as plasma (~308 mOsm/L) and expands intravascular volume without causing fluid shifts.

Question 4

What is the expected effect of administering a hypertonic IV solution such as 3% NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solutions draw fluid from cells into the intravascular space by osmosis, increasing plasma osmolarity and shrinking cells; used cautiously for severe hyponatremia.

Question 5

What is the normal serum sodium range and what condition is present when sodium falls below this range?

Accepted Answer

Normal serum sodium is 135–145 mEq/L. A level below 135 mEq/L is called hyponatremia.

Fluid & Electrolytes – NCLEX-RN Flashcards

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