Anatomy & Physiology for the MBLEx Massage Therapy Exam

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It is a ball-and-socket (diarthrodial) joint that allows the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

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The periosteum is the dense connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bone, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and playing a key role in bone repair.

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Fibrocartilage makes up the intervertebral discs. It is the strongest and least flexible type of cartilage, designed to withstand compressive and tensile forces.

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Flexion occurs when the angle between two bones at a joint decreases, typically moving a body part anteriorly (or inferiorly in the case of the knee).

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These are called amphiarthrotic (amphiarthrodial) joints. They allow limited movement and provide stability, as seen at the pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints.