Question 1

What term did Pavlov use to describe the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. Through repeated pairings of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus capable of eliciting a conditioned response on its own.

Question 2

In classical conditioning, what is the term for a learned response that weakens and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Extinction. It occurs when the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus, causing the conditioned response to diminish over time.

Question 3

What phenomenon occurs when a previously extinguished conditioned response reappears after a rest period, even without additional conditioning trials?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery. It demonstrates that extinction suppresses rather than permanently erases the conditioned association.

Question 4

What is stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization occurs when stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus also elicit the conditioned response. The greater the similarity to the original CS, the stronger the generalized response.

Question 5

In John Watson's 'Little Albert' experiment, what concept was demonstrated when Albert showed fear not only toward a white rat but also toward other white, furry objects?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization. Albert's conditioned fear response transferred to stimuli resembling the original conditioned stimulus (white rat).

Learning & Memory – CLEP Psychology Exam Prep

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