Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

The mitochondrion. It uses the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in its inner membrane to generate the majority of a cell's ATP.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

The RER synthesizes and processes proteins destined for secretion, the plasma membrane, or lysosomes. It is studded with ribosomes that translate mRNA directly into the ER lumen.

Question 3

Which organelle sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for transport to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus. It receives vesicles from the RER, modifies their contents (e.g., glycosylation), and routes them to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or secretion.

Question 4

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells in terms of nuclear structure?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA resides in a nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed within a double membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 5

What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules, worn-out organelles (autophagy), and foreign material (phagocytosis).

Cell Biology – CLEP Exam Prep

Also Included in the Study Bundle

Practice Tests

Study Guides

Match Game

Try These Cards

Want to keep studying?

Related Study Decks

Civil War & Reconstruction

CLEP College Level Examination Program — Complete Bundle

Genetics & Evolution – CLEP Exam Prep

Learning & Memory – CLEP Psychology Exam Prep

Psychological Disorders – CLEP Exam Prep

Social Institutions – CLEP Sociology Exam Prep

Unlock the Full CLEP College Level Examination Program Study Bundle