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Question 1
What model of memory proposes three stages—sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory—through which information must pass to be retained?
Answer: The Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage (modal) model of memory proposes that information flows from sensory memory to short-term memory to long-term memory.
Question 2
What term describes the memory system that temporarily holds and manipulates information, consisting of a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive?
Answer: Baddeley's working memory model describes this active system that maintains and processes limited amounts of information for use in ongoing cognitive tasks.
Question 3
What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory, as identified by George Miller?
Answer: George Miller found that short-term memory holds approximately 7 items (plus or minus 2), often called 'the magical number seven.'
Question 4
What type of long-term memory stores general world knowledge and facts, such as knowing that Paris is the capital of France?
Answer: Semantic memory is the type of explicit (declarative) long-term memory that stores general factual knowledge not tied to personal experience.
Question 5
What type of long-term memory stores personally experienced events tied to a specific time and place?
Answer: Episodic memory stores autobiographical events and experiences, such as recalling what you did on your last birthday.