Question 1

What model of memory proposes three stages—sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory—through which information must pass to be retained?

Accepted Answer

The Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage (modal) model of memory proposes that information flows from sensory memory to short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 2

What term describes the memory system that temporarily holds and manipulates information, consisting of a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive?

Accepted Answer

Baddeley's working memory model describes this active system that maintains and processes limited amounts of information for use in ongoing cognitive tasks.

Question 3

What is the approximate capacity of short-term memory, as identified by George Miller?

Accepted Answer

George Miller found that short-term memory holds approximately 7 items (plus or minus 2), often called 'the magical number seven.'

Question 4

What type of long-term memory stores general world knowledge and facts, such as knowing that Paris is the capital of France?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of explicit (declarative) long-term memory that stores general factual knowledge not tied to personal experience.

Question 5

What type of long-term memory stores personally experienced events tied to a specific time and place?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory stores autobiographical events and experiences, such as recalling what you did on your last birthday.

Memory & Cognition – AP Psychology Exam Prep

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