Question 1

What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each organism carries two alleles for each trait, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete carries only one allele.

Question 2

What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, and what cellular process is it based on?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation. It is based on the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 3

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa), what are the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios?

Accepted Answer

The genotypic ratio is 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa, and the phenotypic ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.

Question 4

What is the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A monohybrid cross examines the inheritance of one trait, while a dihybrid cross examines the simultaneous inheritance of two independently assorting traits.

Question 5

What is the expected phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (AaBb × AaBb)?

Accepted Answer

The expected phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1, representing four phenotypic classes when two genes assort independently.

AP Biology: Genetics & Heredity

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