Question 1

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

The mitochondria produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, serving as the cell's main energy source.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and shipping proteins to their final destinations?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into vesicles for transport.

Question 3

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces 4 genetically unique haploid daughter cells.

Question 4

What type of transport moves substances across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient (low to high), requiring energy in the form of ATP.

Question 5

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA sequences into polypeptide chains (proteins).

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