Land Use Controls – NY Real Estate Salesperson Exam

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Zoning ordinances divide a municipality into districts and regulate how land in each district may be used, ensuring compatible land uses are grouped together to promote public health, safety, and general welfare.

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Bulk zoning controls the physical size and placement of structures on a lot, including setbacks, maximum building height, lot coverage, and floor-area ratios.

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A nonconforming use is a property use that legally existed before a zoning ordinance was enacted but does not comply with current zoning regulations; it is generally allowed to continue but cannot be expanded.

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Spot zoning occurs when a single parcel is rezoned differently from surrounding properties for the benefit of one owner rather than the community. It is generally illegal because it is arbitrary and inconsistent with the comprehensive plan.

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Euclidean zoning is the most common type of zoning, which strictly separates land uses into distinct districts (residential, commercial, industrial) named after the city of Euclid, Ohio, where it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1926.