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Question 1
What is the kinetic chain checkpoints approach used in NASM's static postural assessment?
Answer: It is a systematic method of observing the body from the ground up (feet/ankles, knees, lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, shoulders, and head/cervical spine) to identify postural deviations at each segment.
Question 2
What postural deviation is indicated when the feet externally rotate (turn out) during a static postural assessment?
Answer: Externally rotated feet suggest overactive/tight soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris (short head), and underactive/weak anterior tibialis and medial gastrocnemius.
Question 3
What is anterior pelvic tilt, and which muscles are typically overactive when it is present?
Answer: Anterior pelvic tilt is a forward rotation of the pelvis, increasing lumbar lordosis. Overactive muscles typically include the hip flexors (iliopsoas, rectus femoris) and erector spinae.
Question 4
In a static postural assessment, what does pronation distortion syndrome describe?
Answer: Pronation distortion syndrome is a postural distortion pattern characterized by foot pronation (flat feet), knee valgus (knees cave inward), and often internal rotation of the hip.
Question 5
What postural syndrome is characterized by an anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, and a protruding abdomen?
Answer: Lower crossed syndrome, described by Vladimir Janda, is characterized by tight hip flexors and erector spinae paired with weak/inhibited gluteus maximus and abdominals.