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Question 1
What type of bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that spurts with each heartbeat?
Answer: Arterial bleeding. It is the most serious and difficult to control because it comes from a damaged artery under high pressure.
Question 2
What color and flow pattern distinguishes venous bleeding from arterial bleeding?
Answer: Venous blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream rather than spurting, because veins carry blood at lower pressure than arteries.
Question 3
Which class of hemorrhage involves a blood loss of 30–40% of total blood volume and is characterized by marked tachycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status?
Answer: Class III hemorrhage. At this level the body's compensatory mechanisms begin to fail, producing hypotension and significant changes in mental status.
Question 4
What is the first and preferred method of controlling external hemorrhage for an EMT?
Answer: Direct pressure applied to the wound. Firm, continuous pressure over the bleeding site is the most effective and safest first-line intervention.
Question 5
When should a tourniquet be applied for extremity hemorrhage?
Answer: When direct pressure fails to control life-threatening extremity bleeding, or when direct pressure cannot be applied (e.g., amputation, multiple casualties). It should be placed 2–3 inches proximal to the wound.