Question 1

What mnemonic is used to identify the most common causes of altered mental status in the prehospital setting?

Accepted Answer

AEIOU-TIPS: Alcohol, Epilepsy, Insulin, Opiates, Uremia, Trauma, Infection, Psychiatric, Stroke/Seizure.

Question 2

What is the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, and what are its three components?

Accepted Answer

A rapid stroke assessment tool that evaluates facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech. Any single abnormal finding suggests stroke.

Question 3

A patient presents with unilateral facial droop, slurred speech, and arm weakness that began 45 minutes ago. What is the priority action?

Accepted Answer

Perform a rapid stroke assessment, establish the time of symptom onset, and transport immediately to a stroke center. Time is critical for thrombolytic therapy.

Question 4

What is the postictal state, and how long does it typically last?

Accepted Answer

The postictal state is the period of decreased responsiveness, confusion, and exhaustion that follows a seizure. It typically lasts minutes to up to 30 minutes.

Question 5

What defines status epilepticus, and why is it a life threat?

Accepted Answer

Status epilepticus is a seizure lasting more than 30 minutes, or two or more seizures without a return to full consciousness between them. It can cause hypoxia, brain injury, and death.

Medical Emergencies – EMT-Basic NREMT Exam Flashcards

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