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Question 1
What type of firewall inspects traffic up to Layer 7 of the OSI model, making decisions based on application-level data?
Answer: A next-generation firewall (NGFW). It performs deep packet inspection, application awareness, and can integrate intrusion prevention capabilities beyond traditional stateful inspection.
Question 2
What is the primary difference between a stateful firewall and a stateless (packet-filtering) firewall?
Answer: A stateful firewall tracks the state of active connections and makes decisions based on session context, while a stateless firewall evaluates each packet independently without considering prior traffic.
Question 3
What network device monitors traffic and generates alerts when suspicious activity is detected, but does NOT actively block threats?
Answer: An Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It is a passive monitoring tool that alerts administrators but requires human or automated intervention to respond.
Question 4
What is a jump server (jump box) used for in network security?
Answer: A jump server is a hardened, monitored host used as an intermediary access point to manage devices in a separate security zone, reducing direct exposure of sensitive systems.
Question 5
What is the function of a Web Application Firewall (WAF)?
Answer: A WAF inspects and filters HTTP/HTTPS traffic between web applications and the internet, protecting against attacks like SQL injection, XSS, and other OWASP Top 10 threats.