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Question 1
What are the three factors of authentication, and what does each represent?
Answer: Something you know (password/PIN), something you have (token/smart card), and something you are (biometric). Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires at least two different factors.
Question 2
What is the difference between identification and authentication?
Answer: Identification is the act of claiming an identity (e.g., entering a username), while authentication is proving that identity is valid (e.g., providing the correct password).
Question 3
What is a False Acceptance Rate (FAR) in biometric authentication?
Answer: FAR is the rate at which a biometric system incorrectly accepts an unauthorized user. A lower FAR means the system is more secure against impostors.
Question 4
What is the Crossover Error Rate (CER) in biometrics, and why is it significant?
Answer: CER is the point where the False Acceptance Rate equals the False Rejection Rate. It is used to compare biometric systems—a lower CER indicates a more accurate system.
Question 5
What is a TOTP, and how does it differ from HOTP?
Answer: TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) generates codes based on the current time and expires after a short window. HOTP (HMAC-based One-Time Password) generates codes based on a counter and remains valid until used.