Land Use & Zoning – California Real Estate Salesperson Exam

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To regulate and control the use of land within a municipality by dividing it into districts and specifying permitted uses, building sizes, and densities in each district.

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Residential multi-family (R-2 or R-3) zoning, which permits higher-density housing such as duplexes, apartment complexes, and condominiums.

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Spot zoning is the rezoning of a single parcel differently from surrounding parcels, typically to benefit one owner. It is disfavored because it is often inconsistent with the general plan and may be ruled arbitrary or illegal.

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A buffer zone is a transitional area between two incompatible land uses, such as a strip of open space or low-density residential land placed between an industrial zone and a residential neighborhood.

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A variance is an official permission to deviate from zoning requirements. The owner must typically prove that strict application of the zoning law would cause undue hardship due to unique physical characteristics of the property, not self-created circumstances.