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Question 1
In an ideal plumb line assessment from the lateral view, what anatomical landmark should the plumb line bisect at the ankle?
Answer: The lateral malleolus. The plumb line should pass just anterior to the lateral malleolus when viewed from the side.
Question 2
What postural deviation is characterized by an exaggerated anterior pelvic tilt combined with increased lumbar lordosis and hip flexor tightness?
Answer: Lordosis-kyphosis posture (also called hyperlordotic posture). It typically involves tight hip flexors and weak hip extensors and abdominals.
Question 3
Which postural deviation is identified by a posterior pelvic tilt, flattened lumbar curve, and forward-shifted hips relative to the plumb line?
Answer: Sway-back posture. The hips are displaced anteriorly while the upper trunk leans posteriorly, reducing lumbar lordosis.
Question 4
During a plumb line assessment from the anterior view, what does lateral deviation of the knees inward (genu valgum) suggest about hip muscle function?
Answer: It suggests weakness or underactivity of the hip abductors and external rotators, allowing the femur to adduct and internally rotate.
Question 5
What does a forward head posture indicate about the muscles of the cervical spine during a static postural assessment?
Answer: It typically indicates tight/overactive anterior cervical muscles (scalenes, SCM) and weak/underactive deep cervical flexors and scapular retractors.